Molecules inside a liquid . are packed closely together
have a random structure
can slip and slide past each other
are not attracted to one another

sodium (na), for example, has one electron in its valence shell. this is an unstable state because that valence shell needs eight electrons to be full. in order to fill its valence shell, find a way to add seven electrons to its valence shell

1. they vary with a higher number because boiling is way hotter than melting