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B. Positive charge is caused by lack of electrons. A positive ion is formed by the loss of negatively charged electrons. Although the number of protons does not change in the ion, there is an excess number of protons over electrons which produces the positive charge. All electrons in the outer energy level are lost.

C. If there are more electrons than protons, then the element is a negative ion. The amount of neutrons does not play a factor into making a difference between an atom or an ion.

Explanation:

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the dependant variable is spilled water

the independent is the heat

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