Describe melting of a solid

1)each group 16 element has how many valence electrons? ( )4 ( )6 ( )8 ( )16 2)how many dots appear in the dot structure for calcium ion, ca2+? ( )zero ( )one ( )two ( )eight 3) which of the following atoms forms a cation to obtain an octet of outer shell electrons? ( )magnesium ( )oxygen ( )fluorine ( )helium 4) an al3+ ion contains 13 protons and 10 electrons. ( )true ( )false 5) valence and non-valence electrons are represented in lewis dot structures. ( )true ( )false

100 grams of molten lead (600°c) is used to make musket balls. if the lead shot is allowed to cool to room temperature (21°c), what is the change in entropy (in j/k) of the lead? (for the specific heat of molten and solid lead use 1.29 j/g⋅°c; the latent heat of fusion and the melting point of lead are 2.45 × 104 j/kg and 327°c, respectively.)

Determine the ph of 0.10 m nh3 solution. nh3 is a weak base with a kb equal to 1.8 x 10-5 round answer to nearest whole number.