Sodium carbonate can be made by heating sodium bicarbonate: 2NaHCO 3(s) → Na 2CO 3(s) + CO 2(g) + H 2O(g) Given that ΔH° = 128.9 kJ/mol and ΔG° = 33.1 kJ/mol at 25°C, above what minimum temperature will the reaction become spontaneous under standard state conditions?

Both josef loschmidt and amedeo avogadro contributed to our understanding of basic molecular numbers, sizes, and reaction ratios. neither scientist discovered “avogadro’s number” in the form we use it today (6.02 x 10 23). still, there’s a controversy over the name. research the contributions from these two scientists and read about how avogadro’s number got its name. briefly state what you think this number should be called, providing key details of each scientist’s contributions to this concept and a solid rationale for your case in naming the number.

Asample of freon gas has a volume of 2.23 liters, a pressure of 4.85 kpa, and a temperature of -1.36°c. calculate the volume at a pressure of 1.38 kpa and a temperature of 5.5°c. (show work)

The activation energy for the reaction no2(g)+co2(g)⟶no(g)+co(g) is ea = 300 kj/mol and the change in enthalpy for the reaction is δh = -100 kj/mol . what is the activation energy for the reverse reaction?