Calculate the pH of a solution obtained by mixing 477 mL of 0.17 M hydrochloric acid with 253 mL of M lithium hydroxide. Assume the combined volume is the sum of the two original volumes.

pH = 0.984

Explanation:

Molarity LiOH = 2.1x10⁻²M

HCl will react with LiOH as follows:

HCl + LiOH → H₂O + LiCl

1 moles of HCl reacts per mole of LiOH

Moles of each reactant in solution are:

HCl = 0.477L ₓ (0.17mol / L) = 0.08109 moles HCl

LiOH = 0.253L ₓ (2.1x10⁻² mol / L) = 5.313x10⁻³ moles of LiOH.

That means LiOH is the limiting reactant and excess moles of HCl that will remain in solution are:

0.08109 mol - 0.005313mol = 0.0758 moles HCl

As HCl dissociates in water as H⁺ and Cl⁻ ions, you will have in solution 0.0758 moles of H⁺

pH = -log [H⁺] and [H⁺] = moles H⁺ / L of solution.

Volume of the mixture in liters is: 0.477L + 0.253L = 0.730L.

That means [H⁺] is 0.0758 moles of H⁺ / 0.730L = 0.1038M

Replacing:

pH = -log [H⁺]

pH = -log [0.1038]

assuming that your periodic table has eighteen columns, you should highlight   the four elements in the third column from the left of the table.

neutral atoms of elements after calcium contain d electrons. the energy of d orbitals of a particular main shell lies between the energy of the s and p orbitals of the next main shell. for example, electrons in the have energy higher than those in the orbital while lower than those of the orbital.

by the aufbau principle, electrons fill orbitals one at a time, starting from those of the lowest energy. the orbital is therefore filled right after orbitals and before orbitals.  

potassium has electron configuration and calcium . the s orbital of a main shell holds a maximum of two electrons. the next element would thus have the electron configuration and satisfy the requirements.

a neutral atom of the element contains three electrons on top of the most recent noble gas element. it should thus be placed in the third column of the periodic table. both scandium and yttrium would satisfy the conditions. an aufbau diagram indicates that the 4f orbital is filled before the 5d. however, it appears that exceptions exists for both lanthanum and actinium. neutral atoms of the two d-block elements also demonstrate the and should be highlighted as well.

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