Codons. a- One.
b- Two.
C- Three.
d- Four.
2. the start codon (AUG) binds to a tRNA with
a- Methionine.
b- Glycine.
C-Leucine.
d- Alanine.
3. Ribosomes move along mRNA adding amino acids to a growing peptide chain, this
process is called:
a- Activation.
b- Termination.
C- Initiation.
d- Translocation.
4) The sugar component is made up of what functional group?
a- NH2
b- C=0.
C- OH.
d- COOH.
5. The phosphate is attached to which carbon:
a- 5'.
b-1.
C-4'.
d-3.
6. Where is the (-OH) bonded to:
a- 3' carbon.
b- l' carbon
C-4' carbon
d- 5 carbo
7. Which of the next are the purines?
a- adenine and guanine.
b-adenine and pyrimidine. c- cytosine, uracil, and thy

1. C- Three.

2. A- Methionine

3. D- Translocation.

4. C- OH.

5. A - 5'

6. A - 3' carbon

7. A. adenine and guanine

Explanation:

1. A codon is a group of three nucleotide sequence that encodes or specifies an amino acid. This means that, during translation (second stage of gene expression), when a CODON is read, an amino acid is added to the growing peptide chain.

2. The codon that initiates the translation process is called a start codon. It has a sequence: AUG and it specifies Methionine amino acid. Hence, during translation where a tRNA binds to the mRNA codon to read it and add its corresponding amino acid, a tRNA with a complementary sequence of AUG (start codon) binds to it and carries Methionine amino acid.

3. Translocation is a process during translation whereby the mRNA-tRNA moeity moves forward in the ribosome to allow another codon to move into the vacant site for translation process to continue.

4. The sugar component of a nucelotide that makes up the nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) i.e. ribose or deoxyribose, contains an hydroxyll functional group (-OH).

5. A nucleotide consists of a pentose (five carbon) sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. The phosphate group (PO43-) is attached to the 5' carbon of the sugar molecule.

6. The free hydroxyll group (-OH) of the five carbon sugar molecule in DNA is attached to its 3' carbon.

7. Nitrogenous bases are the third component of a nucleotide, the other two being pentose sugar and phosphate group. The nitrogenous bases are four viz: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine. These bases are classified into Purines and Pyrimidines based on the similarity in their structure. Adenine (A) and Guanine (G) are Purines because they possess have two carbon-nitrogen rings, as opposed to one possessed by Pyrimidines (Thymine and Cytosine).