For the acids, use the formula pH = -log[H+). (Because HCl has 1 H+ ion per formula unit, [H+] equals the molarity.) For water, use what you know about the pH of neutral solutions. For the bases, examine and

extend the pattern. DONE

0.1 M

НСІ

0.001 M

НСІ

0.00001 M

НСІ

Distilled

Water

0.00001 M

NaOH

0.001 M

NaOH

0.1 M

NaOH

pH

pH:

pH:

pH: 7

pH:

pH:

pH:

pH = 1

pH = 3

pH = 5

pH = 9

pH = 11

pH = 13

Explanation:

The pH is defined as log [H⁺]. HCl in solution produce H⁺. That means HCl concentration is equal to H⁺ concentration. Thus:

- 0.1M HCl. pH = -log 0.1 = 1

- 0.001M HCl. pH = -log 0.001 = 3

- 0.00001M HCl. pH = -log 0.00001 = 5

For a base that produce OH⁻ in solution you can define a pOH as pOH = -log [OH⁻] knowing (For water equilibrium) pH = 14 - pOH

Thus, for the NaOH solutions:

- 0.00001M NaOH: pOH = -log 0.00001M = 5. pH = 14 - 5 = 9

- 0.001M NaOH: pOH = -log 0.001M = 3. pH = 14 - 3 = 11

- 0.00001M NaOH: pOH = -log 0.1M = 1. pH = 14 - 1 = 13

pH = 1

pH = 3

pH = 5

pH= 7

pH = 9

pH = 11

pH = 13

Explanation:

Just did the test :)

a. energy is absorbed in the reaction.

if in a given reaction the energy of products is greater than the energy of reactants it means that reaction is endothermic and during the reaction, the energy is absorbed by reactants. in an endothermic reaction, the products have more stored chemical energy than the reactants. and in this reaction the reactants are more stable than products before the compounds with less energy are always more stable.