WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT 1. Oil deposits in Nigeria are
(a) on land and offshore (b) only offshore (c) mainly imported (d) downstream

2. Fractional distillation involves the following processes
(a) Boiling (b) Boiling and condensation
(c) Boiling, evaporation and condensation. (d) Condensation and collection.

3. Which is the odd one out of the following?
(a) petroleum ether, petroleum gases, kerosene (b) Gas oil and diesel lubricating oil
(c) Petroleum ether and bitumen (d) Haematite and asphalt.

4. Which of the petrol samples are likely to cause knocking?
(a) octane (b) 2,2,3,3-tetramethyl butane (c) 2,2,3-trimethyl pentane (d) 2,2,3-trimethyl pentane.

5. Nigeria earns money from
(a) petroleum gas and liquids only (b) petroleum liquids and solids only
(c) petroleum liquids like petrol and kerosene oil (d) petroleum gases, liquids and solids.

THEORY
1. (a) Distinguish between cracking and reforming. Of what importance are the two processes in the petroleum industry. (b) State the problem associated with oil producing areas.

1. (a) on land and offshore

2. (c) Boiling, evaporation and condensation

3.(d) Haematite and asphalt.

4. (a) octane

5.(d) petroleum gases, liquids and solids.

Explanation:

Cracking refers to the the breakdown of heavier fractions of crude oil to give the lighter fractions of crude oil having greater economic value. For instance, diesel oil may be cracked to yield gasoline which is composed of lighter hydrocarbons and has greater economic value. Cracking is of importance in the petroleum industry because it is used to produce lighter hydrocarbons from heavier ones.

Reforming is the conversion of straight chain hydrocarbons to branched chain hydrocarbons having a lesser tendency towards knocking of engines. It is very important in the petroleum industry because it leads to the production of better quality fuels with higher octane rating.

b) In Nigeria, oil producing communities are usually faced with the problem of damage to arable land due to oil exploration activities. Many oil producing communities in Nigeria are facing severe damage to the ecosystem due to oil drilling in those areas. Also, oil rich communities are at risk of crud oil spillage which contaminates water bodies and leads to loss of employment for the local people and death of aquatic animals.

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