Chemistry, 11.11.2019 11:31 debrielcalderon

In niels bohr’s model of the atom, electrons move a. like balls rolling down a hill. b. like planets orbiting the sun. c. like popcorn in a popcorn popper. d. like beach balls on water waves.

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The correct option is B.
The Niels Bohr's model of atom, which was presented in 1913 depicted atom as a small particle having a positively charged nucleus, that is surrounded by electrons which orbit round the nucleus in a manner that is similar to that observed in the solar system.

Answer from: natishtaylor1p8dirz

In Niels Bohr's model of the atom, electrons move b. like planets orbiting the sun

Further explanation

According to the Bohr atomic model, electrons circulate around the nucleus on a particular path, so that electrons are not attracted to the nucleus. This path is called the electron shell or energy level, where the path is closest to the nucleus has the lowest energy

Although this atomic model has a disadvantage in describing the trajectory of electrons for atoms that have more electrons (can only predict Hydrogen atoms) but succeeded in explaining the weaknesses of the Rutherford atomic model. The main weakness of the Rutherford atomic model is that Rutherford cannot explain why negatively charged electrons are not attracted to the nucleus of an atom that has positively charged particles

Both of these models (Rutherford and Bohr) are now refined with the atomic theory of quantum mechanics

So the Bohr atomic model can explain the spectrum of hydrogen atoms (energy absorbed/ emitted during electron transitions) whether it is absorption or emission of energy when compared to the Rutherford atomic model

Learn more

Rutherford experiment

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Bohr's model of the atom

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The subatomic particle

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Keywords: Bohr atomic model, Rutherford, quantum mechanics

In niels bohr’s model of the atom, electrons move a. like balls rolling down a hill. b. like planets

Answer from: Quest

It shows that the experiment is designed properly.

Answer from: Quest

the missing options are :

(1) lower boiling point and a lower freezing point(2) lower boiling point and a higher freezing point(3) higher boiling point and a lower freezing point(4) higher boiling point and a higher freezing point

answer : the correct answer is option (3) higher boiling point and a lower freezing point

explanation :

when a non volatile solute is added to a solvent like water, it results in elevation of boiling point.

let us find the increase in boiling point of water when cacl₂ is added to water to make a solution of 1 m

step 1 : find molality of the solution

let us assume we have 1 l of solution.

$m = \frac{moles (solute)}{l ( solution)}$

$1 m = \frac{moles (cacl_{2})}{1 l }= 1 mol cacl_{2}$

let us convert this to grams of cacl₂.

molar mass of cacl2 is 111 g/mol

grams of cacl₂ = $1 mol \times \frac{111g}{mol} = 111 g cacl_{2}$

mass of solute = 111 g

assuming density of solution same as water which is 1g/ml we have ,

mass of solution = density * volume

mass of solution = $\frac{1g}{ml} \times 1000 ml = 1000 g$

mass of solution = mass of solvent + mass of solute

mass of solute = 1000g - 111g

mass of solute 889 g = 0.889 kg

the molality of the solution can be calculated as

$molality = \frac{mol (solute)}{kg ( solvent)}$

$molality = \frac{1mol}{0.889kg}$

molality = 1.12 m

step 2 : find boiling point elevation.

the elevation in boiling point is calculated as

$\bigtriangleup t_{b} = i \times k_{b} \times m$

here δtb = boiling point elevation

i = vant hoff factor which is the number of ions formed by the solute .

cacl₂ dissociates as $cacl_{2} \rightarrow ca^{2+} + 2 cl^{-}$

it forms 3 ions . therefore,

i = 3

m = molality which is 1.12 m

kb is constant for a given solvent. for water it is 0.512

$\bigtriangleup t_{b} = 3 \times 0.512 \times 1.12$

$\bigtriangleup t_{b} = 1.7$

the boiling point of water increases by 1.7 °c

step 3: find freezing point depression.

when a non volatile solute is added to water, it results in decrease in freezing point.

the formula to find freezing point depression is

$\bigtriangleup t_{f} = i \times k_{f} \times m$

kf is constant for water and its value is 1.86

$\bigtriangleup t_{f} = 3 \times 1.86 \times 1.12$

$\bigtriangleup t_{f} = 6.2$

the freezing point of water decreases by 6.2 °c

therefore we can say that, the solution will have a higher boiling point and a lower freezing point

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In niels bohr’s model of the atom, electrons move a. like balls rolling down a hill. b. like planets...

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