Introduction: This activity introduces you to solutions and allows you to experience making different
concentrations of Kool-aid solution. There are many ways to calculate the concentration of a substance
including: molarity (M), parts per million (ppm), percent composition (% comp), and grams per liter (g/L). In
chemistry, concentration is usually measured by the number of moles of substance/ liter of substance, or
Molarity.
Materials:
• Kool-Aid Powder with SUGAR already included (or sugar if you don’t have kool-aid)
• Something to stir solutions
• 4 large cups
• measuring cup (ml preferred but cups will work)
Instructions: In this activity you will be making a series of kool-aid solutions. Make sure to record all data and
answer all the questions below.
Step 1: You will prepare a 237.5 ml kool-aid solution with a concentration of 1M. The molar mass of kool-aid
(or sugar since kool-aid is basically sugar C12H22O11.) is 342 g/mol. Show the calculations below which helped
you create your 1M solution. Note: 237.5 mL is approximately one cup.
Please show your work here.
Liters of water needed
Molarity of kool-aid needed
Grams of kool-aid needed
Now prepare the solution and make sure to label it (sticky note, pen on plastic cup, piece of paper under
cup, etc…)
To make this solution:
1. Measure approximately ½ dry cups of the Kool-aid mixture.
2. Pour the Kool-aid powder you measured into a large glass or cup.
3. Measure out the appropriate amount of water (1 cup) and mix into your glass/cup.
5. Stir to mix and label with the appropriate molarity.
6. Don’t taste test it yet, that will come later.
Do not discard the leftover 1M solution; we are not done with it yet!
Step 2: Using the 1M solution above you will create a second solution with a molarity of 0.5 M solution and
volume of 237.5 mL of kool-aid. Watch video link below for help.
Show your work here. You may need the following equation M1V1=M2V2 where M stands for molarity and V
standards for volume. :
Volume of 1M solution needed
Volume of water needed
Now prepare the solution and make sure to label it! Do not discard the leftover 1M and 0.5 M solutions;
we are not done with them yet!
Step 3: Using the 0.5 M solution above you will create 237.5 mL of a 0.25 M solution of kool-aid. You will need
the following equation M1V1=M2V2 where M stands for molarity and V standards for volume. Note: 237.5 ml is
about 1 cup. There is no video demonstration of this calculation, but follow the same dilution calculation
procedure as was demonstrated in step 2.
Show your work here:
Volume of 0.5 M solution needed:
Volume of water needed:
Now prepare the solution, make sure to label! Do not discard the leftover solutions; we are not done
with them yet!

1. For this problem we just refer to the descriptions that you placed under the prompt. According to Malcolm's bandmate, it would be easier to solve the trinomial by subtracting 350 from both sides and then factoring the equation. Malcolm, on the other hand, thinks that we should manipulate the equation in order to make it a perfect square trinomial.

2. This trinomial would be easily solved by using Malcolm's idea. As Malcolm pointed out, you just need to apply a formula to manipulate the equation then you can find the roots in no time. Finding the factors of 350 just to solve the trinomial would be the hard way to go since you would be considering a lot of them.

3. For this item, we are just tasked to follow what Malcolm's bandmate started doing. So, we would just need to think of two numbers that would result to -350 when multiplied. To start off, let's think of something we can divide 350 by, let's say 70. Now, if we divide -350 by 70 the result would be -5 therefore that would be our two numbers (p and q). p + q would therefore just be 65.

p = 70
q = -5
p + q = 65

4. No, the factor table is not complete since you would need factors of -350 that would add up to -3, the coefficient of w. This rule is sort of a shortcut when factoring the trinomial, since expressing the roots in the form of (w + p)(w + q) would lead you to the original expression by following the rules. We do not see any factors that add up to -3 in the factor table.

5. Malcolm was almost right, but technically he missed the initial step. To make a perfect square trinomial, you first need to make sure that a (or the coefficient of the leading term) is equal to one. If not, you first need to divide the entire equation by a. Then, you apply what Malcolm says.

6. Since the coefficient of the leading term is already equal to one, we do not need to worry about the initial step anymore. For this item, we just need to divide -3 by two and square it then add the resulting number to both sides. The solution is shown below:





7. To factor the trinomial, we just really need to make sense of the process we just did in the previous item. Notice that we just squared -1.5, after dividing -3 by 2. If you look at it closely, this is just the process of expanding the square of a binomial in reverse. Therefore, we know that our resulting expression is the square of (w - 1.5)



8. For this item we are just simply tasked to follow the instructions given. The process described in the item is how we are supposed to solve for the variable. The work and solution for this item is shown below:





9. The solution does make sense in terms of the problem because, firstly, the answer we have arrived on is a positive number which means it is a realistic value of a measurement, and secondly, our solution in the previous item just followed basic arithmetic so we did not violate anything in the problem.

10. For this item, we can find the length by subtracting the value of the width by 3, as was dictated in the prompt. But before this, we first need to round our answer for the width to the nearest foot. 20 minus 3 is just 17. Multiplying 20 and 17 might not get us to 350 but this is just an approximation anyway. (Getting the product of the numbers before rounding off would give us an accurate one.)

w = 20 feet
l = 17 feet