One kilogram of water contained in a piston–cylinder assembly, initially saturated vapor at 500 kPa, is condensed at constant pressure to saturated liquid. Consider an enlarged system consisting of the water and enough of the nearby surroundings that heat transfer occurs only at the ambient temperature of 25°C. Assume the state of the nearby surroundings does not change during the process, and ignore kinetic and potential energy effects. For the enlarged system, determine the heat transfer, in kJ, and the entropy production, in kJ/K.

Benzonitrile (c6h5cn) is reduced to two different products depending on the reducing agent used. treatment with lithium aluminum hydride followed by water forms k, which has a molecular ion in its mass spectrum at 107 and the following ir absorptions: 3373, 3290, 3062, 2920, and 1600 cm-1. treatment with a milder reducing agent forms l, which has a molecular ion in its mass spectrum at 106 and the following ir absorptions: 3086, 2850, 2820, 2736, 1703, and 1600 cm-1. l shows fragments in its mass spectrum at m/z = 105 and 77. propose structures for k and l and choose an explanation for how this could be concluded.