Why are atoms attracted to eachother in an ionic bond

There is a transfer of electrons between the two atoms which creates a strong bond

Explanation:

Typically these bonds result between a metal and a nonmetal which transfer electrons, because of the transfer of electrons and opposite sigsn (+/-) between the atoms in an ionic bond they tend to form quite a strong attraction to eachother. Look up coulombic attraction for more understanding!

i believe you are right for all except the 3rd ( look at sqdancefan his answer is much better)

the ratio of the conjugate base to the acid required to attain the desired ph.