Between Lab Period 1 and Lab Period 2, design a separation scheme for all 4 cations. Use the results of your preliminary tests and the reasoning illustrated in the introduction and the Week 2 Worksheet. Be sure to include equations for all the reactions which occur at each step in the scheme. Record the scheme in the data section of the lab notebook. The scheme MUST be submitted at the start of Lab Period 2. It will be reviewed by the TA at the start of the lab period, before you begin testing your scheme. Ag+, Fe 3+ Cu2+, Ni2+

                    SEPARATION SCHEME FOR  CATIONS

GIVEN  CATIONS :

    Step 1:   Add of to the mixture solution

    Result : This would cause a precipitate of to be formed

    Reaction :  

    Step 2 : Next is to remove the precipitate and add to the remaining          

                 solution in the presence of of HCl

     Result : This would cause a precipitate of to be formed

     Reaction :  

     Step 3: Next remove the precipitate then add of aqueous      

                  , process the solution in a centrifuge,when the  

                 process  is done then sort out the  precipitate from the  solution

                 Now this precipitate is   and the remaining solution

                contains  

                 Next take out the precipitate to a different beaker and add HCl

                to it   this will dissolve it, then add a drop of this will

                form  a precipitate   which will have the color of

                 blood  indicating the presence of

   Reaction :  

                      Now the remaining mixture contains

Explanation:

most historians agree that gabriel mouton, the vicar of st. paul’s church in lyons, france, is the “founding father” of the metric system. he proposed a decimal system of measurement in 1670. mouton based it on the length of one minute of arc of a great circle of the earth (now called a nautical mile, 1852 meters). he also proposed the swing-length of a pendulum with a frequency of one beat per second as the unit of length (about 25 cm). a pendulum beating with this length would have been fairly easy to produce, thus facilitating the widespread distribution of uniform standards. over the years, his work was revised, improved, and extended by a number of french scientists.

the political sponsor of weights and measures reform in the french revolutionary national assembly was the bishop of autun, better known as talleyrand. under his auspices, the french academy appointed several committees to carry out the work of developing a usable system of weights and measures for france. one of the committees recommended a decimalized measurement system based upon a length equal to one ten-millionth of the length of a quadrant of the earth’s meridian (i.e., one ten-millionth of the distance between the equator and the north pole).