Hydrochloric acid is more soluble than ethyl chloride because hydrochloric acid is a strong electrolyte that interacts with water through , while ethyl chloride is a molecular compound that interacts with water through .

Hydrogen Chloride is a strong electrolyte that interacts with water through ION-DIPOLE INTERACTION, while ethyl chloride is a molecular compound that interacts with water through DIPOLE-DIPOLE INTERACTION.

Explanation:

An ion to dipole interaction is one in which there is an electrostatic attraction between an ion and a neutral molecule with a dipole. It is the most common type of interaction in solution. Hydrogen chloride is a strong acid and is completely ionized in water releasing hdrogen ion and hydroxyl ion.

Unlike the reaction of ethyl chloride with water which is a dipole to dipole interaction. This type of interaction involves two dipoles reacting together. A dipole is one with an unequal distribution or sharing of charges in the atoms of the molecule.

The ability of hydrogen chloride to interact water and to be completely ionized in water made it more soluble than ethyl chloride.

- both b and d.

-since b and d are the closest coastlines then that makes it the most affected.

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beta decay is the answer