6. An environmental chemist needs a carbonate buffer of pH 10.00 to study the effects of acid rain on limestone-rich soils. To prepare this buffer she will add solid Na2CO3 (106.0 g/mol) to 1.50 L of 0.20 M NaHCO3 . (Ka = 4.7 x 10−11 ) HCO3 − (aq) + H2O(l) ↔ CO3 2− (aq) + H3O + (aq) A. What must the final concentration of Na2CO3 be once mixed with the NaHCO3 solution to obtain a buffer with the correct pH?

[Na₂CO₃] = 0.094M

Explanation:

Based on the reaction:

HCO₃⁻(aq) + H₂O(l) ↔ CO₃²⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq)

It is possible to find pH using Henderson-Hasselbalch formula:

pH = pka + log₁₀ [A⁻] / [HA]

Where [A⁻] is concentration of conjugate base,  [CO₃²⁻] = [Na₂CO₃] and  [HA] is concentration of weak acid, [NaHCO₃] = 0.20M.

pH is desire pH and pKa (10.00) is -log pka = -log 4.7x10⁻¹¹ = 10.33

Replacing these values:

10.00 = 10.33 + log₁₀ [Na₂CO₃] / [0.20]

[Na₂CO₃] = 0.094M

the maximum mass of nh3 is nh3 in grams

hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only hydrogens and carbons. they can be saturated (those which contain only carbon-carbon single bonds) or unsaturated (those which contain carbon-carbon double or triple bonds) in nature. hydrocarbons can undergo several reactions like substitution, elimination etc.  

on substituting one or more hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon it results in the formation of haloalkane. as the halogen atoms are large compared to the carbon and hydrogen atoms, due to which the molecular weight increases and the bond become polar because of presence electronegative halogen atom and results in the increase in boiling point of the haloalkane.

thus, the correct option is (b) that is the boiling point of the new compound increases on substituting a hydrogen atom with a halogen in a hydrocarbon.