1. Using the Nernst equation, calculate the equilibrium potential for Ca21 and for Cl2 from the following sets of data: a. Given [Ca21]o 5 1 mM, [Ca21]i 5 100 nM, find ECa21 b. Given [Cl2]o 5 110 mM, [Cl2]i 5 10 mM, find ECl2

Answer : The value of and

Explanation :

To calculate the equilibrium potential we are using Nernst equation:

where,

 = equilibrium potential

z = valency of ion

= concentration of the ion outside the cell

= concentration of the ion inside the cell

Part a :

Given:

z = valency of ion = 2

= concentration of the ion outside the cell = 1 mM

= concentration of the ion inside the cell = 100 mM

Part b :

Given:

z = valency of ion = 1

= concentration of the ion outside the cell = 110 mM

= concentration of the ion inside the cell = 10 mM

alfred von schlieffen, german army chief of staff, was given instructions to devise a strategy that would be able to counter a joint attack. in december, 1905, he began circulating what later became known as the schlieffen plan. schlieffen argued that if war took place it was vital that france was speedily defeated.

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explanation: