A statement of the first law of thermodynamics is that:

A. the total energy of the universe is constant.
B. in a spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases.
C. the total energy of the universe is always decreasing.
D. mass and energy are conserved in all chemical reactions.
E. there is no disorder in a perfect crystal at 0 K.

Option A) the total energy of the universe is constant.

Explanation:

The first law of thermodynamics is also known as the law of conservation of mass.

And it states that matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction but changes from one form to another.

Thus, the total energy of the universe is constant (neither created nor destroyed).

assuming that your periodic table has eighteen columns, you should highlight   the four elements in the third column from the left of the table.

neutral atoms of elements after calcium contain d electrons. the energy of d orbitals of a particular main shell lies between the energy of the s and p orbitals of the next main shell. for example, electrons in the have energy higher than those in the orbital while lower than those of the orbital.

by the aufbau principle, electrons fill orbitals one at a time, starting from those of the lowest energy. the orbital is therefore filled right after orbitals and before orbitals.  

potassium has electron configuration and calcium . the s orbital of a main shell holds a maximum of two electrons. the next element would thus have the electron configuration and satisfy the requirements.

a neutral atom of the element contains three electrons on top of the most recent noble gas element. it should thus be placed in the third column of the periodic table. both scandium and yttrium would satisfy the conditions. an aufbau diagram indicates that the 4f orbital is filled before the 5d. however, it appears that exceptions exists for both lanthanum and actinium. neutral atoms of the two d-block elements also demonstrate the and should be highlighted as well.