The purpose of this experiment was to use titration in order to find the amount of citric acid (in mg) in lemonhead candy (per gram). In order to do this, the concept of neutralization was used, as the citric acid from the Lemonheads were neutralized with a standardized 0.1 M solution of NaOH, forming citric acid sodium salt and water. Since the citric acid and sodium hydroxide neutralization equation could be found, basic stoichiometry was used to find the amount of citric acid per mass of lemonhead.
Data and Observations (some Calculations):
Table 1: Amount (in mL) of Standardized .1000 M HCl needed to Neutralize NaOH in Titration of NaOH solution.
This data is the result of titrating 10.00 mL of standardized .1000 M HCl with the unknown molar solution of NaOH. The amount of NaOH that was poured from the buret into the Erlenmeyer flask of HCl was recorded when the indicator showed that it had reached a neutral pH (when the NaOH changed color due to the indicator).

Trial mL of NaOH needed for neutralization
Fast trial About 10 mL
Slow trial #1 9.70 mL
Slow trial #2 9.70 mL
Slow trial #3 9.60 mL

Table 2: Amount (in mL) of standardized NaOH in the titration of citric acid solution (from Lemonheads).
This data is the result of titrating the citric acid solution made from dissolving 9.551 grams of the Lemonhead candy in 90.0 mL of DI water using the standardized NaOH from part B. The amount of NaOH needed for the titration was the amount of NaOH that was poured from the buret into the Erlenmeyer flask of the citric acid solution to neutralize, demonstrated by when the indicator in the citric acid solution changed color (because the solution reached a neutral pH).

Trial mL of NaOH needed for neutralization
Trial 1 6.80 mL
Trial 2 6.70 mL
Trial 3 6.80 mL

Part B:M1V1=M2V2
(0.1 M HCl)(10.00 mL) = (X M)(9.70 mL) = .1030 M
(0.1 M HCl)(10.00 mL) = (X M)(9.70 mL) = .1030 M
(0.1 M HCl)(10.00 mL) = (X M)(9.60 mL) = .1041 M

Determine the following:
(a) the molarity of the standardized sodium hydroxide solution including the standard deviation values; (b) the moles of citric acid per gram of candy; (c) the milligrams of citric acid per gram of candy; and (d) the milligrams of citric acid in one Lemonhead candy