How many monochlorination products can be formed (constitutional isomers only) from the reaction of (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 with Cl2 and hν?

4 monochlorination products can be formed.

Explanation:

Constitutional isomers : These are those compounds with same molecular formula but different atomic arrangement.For example: butane and 2-methly-propane.

On monochlorination of 2 methyl-butane  we will have four possibilities of product which will be constitutional isomers of each other:

the electronic configuration of an atom with eight electrons is 1s²2s²2p⁴. the orbital diagrams are shown in the figure.

as per the hunds rule:

1. electrons tend to avoid being in the same orbital as per as practicable.

2. electrons in different orbitals of the same energy will have their spin parallel.

this can be illustrated from the multiplicity of the orbitals of the atom. as there are four electrons in the p orbital and p orbital has 3 sub-shells. the electrons can be fed in different ways as shown in the figure but the correct orbital diagram will be as per the hunds rule.

d.) the average kinetic energy of the gas particles is greater in container b because its particles move faster.