Grey Goose ® vodka has an alcohol content of 40.0 % (v/v). Assuming that vodka is composed of only ethanol and water answer the following questions. Note: The molar masses of water and ethanol are 18.0 g and 46.0 g, respectively. The densities of water, ethanol, and this vodka mixture are 1.00 g/mL, 0.789 g/mL, and 0.935 g/mL, respectively

a. Calculate the molarity of ethanol in this vodka, assuming that water is the solvent.
b. Calculate the percent by mass of ethanol % (m/m) in this vodka.
c. Calculate the molality of ethanol in this vodka assuming that water is the solvent.
d. Calculate the mole fractions of ethanol and water in this vodka.
e. Calculate the vapor pressure, in torr, of this vodka at 25.0 oC if the vapor pressures of pure water and ethanol are 23.8 torr and 45.0 torr, respectively?

Explanation:

Grey Goose vodka has an alcohol content of 40.0 % (v/v).

Volume of vodka = V = 100 mL

This means that 40.0 mL of alcohol is present 100 mL of vodka.

Volume of ethanol=V' = 40.0 mL

Mass of ethanol = m

Density of the ethanol = d = 0.789 g/mL

Volume of water = V''= 100 ml - 40.0 mL = 60.0 mL

Mass of water = m'

Density of the water = d' = 1.00 g/mL

a.)

Moles of ethanol = n=

Volume of vodka = V = 100 mL = 0.100 L ( 1mL=0.001 L)

Molarity of the ethanol:

6.861 M the molarity of ethanol in this vodka.

b) Mass of ethanol = 31.56 g

Moles of ethanol = n=

Volume of vodka = V = 100 mL

Mass of vodka = m

Density of the water = D = 0.935 g/mL

The percent by mass of ethanol % (m/m):

33.75% is the percent by mass of ethanol % (m/m) in this vodka.

c)

Moles of ethanol = n=

Mass of solvent that is water = 60.0 g = 0.060 kg ( 1g = 0.001 kg)

Molality of ethanol in vodka :

11.435 m is the molality of ethanol in this vodka.

d)

Moles of ethanol =

Moles of water =

Mole fraction of ethanol =

= 0.1707

Mole fraction of water =

= 0.8290

e)

The vapor pressure of vodka = P

Mole fraction of ethanol =

Mole fraction of water =

The vapor pressures of ethanol  =

The vapor pressures of pure water =

The vapor pressure of vodka is 27.41 Torr.

linda: 3 ; laura: 15

step-by-step explanation:

note that linda + laura's age is 18, and that linda is 12 years younger than her sister.

let "linda" = x , "laura" = y:

x + y = 18

x = y - 12

first, plug in y - 12 for x in the first equation:

(y - 12) + y = 18

simplify.

2y - 12 = 18

isolate the variable (y). note the equal sign, what you do to one side, you do to the other. do the opposite of pemdas. first add, then divide.

2y - 12 (+12) = 18 (+12)

2y = 18 + 12

2y = 30

(2y)/2 = (30)/2

y = 30/2

y = 15

next, plug in 15 for y in the second equation (the other equation would work too).

x = y - 12

x = (15) - 12

x = 3

linda's age is 3, laura's age is 15.

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