For a solution comprised of PbSO4 (0.025 mol/kg) and MgCl2 (0.01 mol/kg) determine (19 pts) (a) the ionic strength (5 pts) (b) activity coefficients of each of these ions in solution (6 pts)

For a: The ionic strength of lead sulfate solution is 0.1 mol/kg and for magnesium chloride is 0.03 mol/kg

For b: The activity coefficient of ions in lead sulfate solution is 0.352 and 0.324 respectively and the activity coefficient of ions in magnesium chlorirde solution is 0.500 and 0.843 respectively

Explanation:

To calculate the ionic strength, we use the equation:

where,

= concentration of i-th ions.

= charge of i-th ions.

Taking solution:

The chemical equation for the ionization of lead sulfate follows:

For the ions:

Putting values in above equation, we get:

Taking solution:

The chemical equation for the ionization of lead sulfate follows:

For the ions:

Putting values in above equation, we get:

Hence, the ionic strength of lead sulfate solution is 0.1 mol/kg and for magnesium chloride is 0.03 mol/kg

To calculate the activity coefficient, we use the equation:

where,

= charge on i-th specie

I = ionic strength

= effective hydrated radius of i-th specie (in nm)

For ions:

We know that:

Putting values in above equation, we get:

For ions:

We know that:

Putting values in above equation, we get:

For ions:

We know that:

Putting values in above equation, we get:

For ions:

We know that:

Putting values in above equation, we get:

Hence, the activity coefficient of ions in lead sulfate solution is 0.352 and 0.324 respectively and the activity coefficient of ions in magnesium chlorirde solution is 0.500 and 0.843 respectively

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it forms an anion that has a larger radius. anions have a negative charge and are larger than the original atom.