On a mission to a newly discovered planet, an astronaut finds chlorine abundances of 13.85 % for 35Cl and 86.15 % for 37Cl. What is the atomic mass of chlorine for this location?

Answer : The atomic mass of chlorine is, 36.723 amu

Explanation :

Average atomic mass of an element is defined as the sum of masses of each isotope each multiplied by their natural fractional abundance.

Formula used to calculate average atomic mass follows:

As we are given that,

Mass of 35-Cl isotope = 35 amu

Percentage abundance of 35-Cl isotope = 13.85 %

Fractional abundance of 35-Cl isotope = 0.1385

Mass of 37-Cl isotope = 37 amu

Percentage abundance of 37-Cl isotope = 86.15 %

Fractional abundance of 37-Cl isotope = 0.8615

Now put all the given values in above formula, we get:

Therefore, the atomic mass of chlorine is, 36.723 amu

h

c is having 4 valence electrons and is bonded to three hydrogens and one sulphur atom, therefore, the number of bond pair is equal to four. as all the valence electrons are used in forming the bonds so, there is no lone pair left on carbon.

s is having 6 valence electrons and is bonded to one other sulfur atom and one carbon atom, therefore, the number of bond pair is equal to 2. as only two valence electrons are used in forming the bonds so, four electrons are left. therefore, two lone pairs are present on s.