Poultry feathers are generated in enormous quantities annually as a biomass waste material (e. g. on the order of 101 g/year in the U. S. alone). For a variety of reasons, including environmental health and safety issues and long decomposition times (over two years), feathers are not allowed in landfills in some countries. Two options for disposing of feathers are 1. direct combustion of the feathers, and 2. gasification of the feathers followed by combustion. Gasification is a process where the feed stock, typically a solid phase material, is converted to a gas phase fuel. In this problem, the merits of both disposal pathways are considered. a) Feathers initially contain a large amount of moisture. For example, turkey feathers typically contain 50% by mass moisture. The heat available from direct combustion of the feathers is used to dry the feathers with 100% efficiency in a co-flow heat exchanger. Assume the feathers are initially at 20 °C and the feathers are heated only enough to remove the moisture from the feathers The specific heat of liquid water at 20 C is cp 4.18 kJ/kgK and the enthalpy of vaporization of water at the boiling point of water is h 2257 kJ/kg. The higher heating value of dry turkey feathers is 24.671 MJ/kg. How much heat transfer is required to dry the feathers?b)What fraction of the heat from combustion of dry feathers is used for drying?c) Feathers are a keratin protein and can be considered to have an equivalent molecular formula of C40H440 Nı How much air [g] is required for complete combustion (0% excess air) of 1 g of feathers?d)What is the CO2 intensity for direct combustion of the turkey feathers where the intensity is defined as the mass of CO2 produced per mass of fuel?e)Gasification is a process where low temperature heating is applied to the feed stock in air, which leads to a slow chemical conversion of the feathers into a gas mixture. The gas mixture produced includes components which are fuels and byproducts which cannot be used as fuels Gasification of the turkey feathers produces a gas with the following composition on a mass fraction basis: 6.8% CO, 3% H2, 28% COz, 59% N2, 1.5% CH4, and 1.4% Ог. what is the higher heating value (HHV) of the fuel portion of the gas mixture produced from the turkey feathers? The HHV of CO is 10,112 kJ/kg. Hint: Not all of the products of gasification can be considered fuels. Only use the fuels in vour calculation f)The energy break-even point for this system is defined as the condition where the heat transfer required by the gasifier is 50% of the heat available from combustion of the syngas mixture For typical operating conditions the gasifier produces 4100 kg/hr of TOTAL syngas mixture (including the byproduct non-fuel gases). If the gasifier heat exchanger is 100% efficient, and the heating rate required by the gasified is 2 MW, will this syngas production rate meet the break-even criterion?g)Why would combustion of the gasification products be preferred over direct combustion of turkey feathers?