P indicates the allele for
In this Punnett Square, P indicates the allele for purple flowers, and
white flowers.

a:

by the combination of an unlimited number of elements

weight of any object is given by

w = m*g

where m is mass of the object and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

for earth the value of g is 9.8 m/s^2 so

w=117.6 n m=12 g=?

117.6=12g => g=9.8 m/s^2

which is the force of gravity on earth.