State whether the following statement is true. justify the answer with examples

statement: all atoms achieve complete outer electron shells after gaining or losing electron.

False

Explanation:

Atoms only achieve complete outer electron shells if they contain an outer shell with 7 electrons before gaining another electron or an outer shell with 1 electron before losing an electron. This is assuming that the octet-rule can be applied to said atom. In addition, the number of valence electrons varies from atom to atom which is why not ALL atoms achieve complete outer electron shells after gaining or losing just ONE electron.

the volume increases

c. 4.54 x 10–12 j happens to be correct