1. magnesium is the limiting reactant in this experiment. calculate the theoretical yield of mgo for trial 1 and 2.

2. determine the percent yield of mgo for your experiment for trial 1 and 2.

3. determine the average percent yield of mgo for the two trials.

Part 1

Theoretical yield of MgO for trial 1 = 0.84 g

Theoretical yield of MgO for trial 2 = 1.01 g

Part 2

Percent yield trial 1 = 28.6 %

Percent yield trial 2 = 49.9 %

Part 3

Average percent yield of MgO for two trial = 39.25 %

Explanation:

Part 1.

Data Given

                                                              Trial 1                     Trial 2

mass of empty crucible and lid:          26.679 g               26.685 g

mass of Mg metal, crucible and lid:    26.931 g               26.988 g

mass of MgO, crucible and lid:            27.090 g              27.179 g

Theoretical yield of MgO for trial 1 and 2 = ?

Solution:

As Mg is limiting reagent so amount of MgO depends on the amount of Mg.

So, now we will look for the reaction to calculate theoretical yield

MgO form by the following reaction:

               Mg  +  O₂ >  2 MgO

              1 mol                        2 mol

Convert moles to mass

Molar mass of Mg = 24 g/mol

Molar mass of MgO = 24 + 16 = 40 g/mol

So,

                     Mg        +         O₂      >     2 MgO

            1 mol (24 g/mol)                                  2 mol(40 g/mol)

                   24 g                                                    80 g

So,

24 g of Mg gives 80 g of MgO

To Calculate theoretical yield of MgO for Trial 1

First we look for the mass of Mg in the Crucible

Mass of Mg = mass of Mg metal, crucible and lid - mass of empty crucible and lid

       Mass of Mg = 26.931 g - 26.679 g

       Mass of Mg = 0.252 g

As we come to know that 24 g of Mg gives 80 g of MgO, then amount of Mg from trial 1 that is 0.252 g will produce how many grams of MgO

Apply unity formula

               24 g of Mg ≅ 80 g of MgO

               0.252 g of Mg ≅ X g of MgO

Do cross multiplication

               X g of MgO = 0.252 g x 80 g / 24 g

               X g of MgO = 0.84 g

So the theoretical yield of MgO is  0.84 g

To Calculate theoretical yield of MgO for Trial 2

First we look for the mass of Mg in the Crucible

Mass of Mg = mass of Mg metal, crucible and lid - mass of empty crucible and lid

      Mass of Mg = 26.988 g - 26.685 g

      Mass of Mg = 0.303 g

As we come to know that 24 g of Mg gives 80 g of MgO, then amount of Mg from trial 2 that is 0.303 g will produce how many grams of MgO

Apply unity formula

               24 g of Mg ≅ 80 g of MgO

                0.303 g of Mg ≅ X g of MgO

Do cross multiplication

               X g of MgO = 0.303 g x 80 g / 24 g

               X g of MgO = 1.01 g

So the theoretical yield of MgO is  1.01 g

Part 2

percent yield of MgO for trial 1 and 2 = ?

Solution:

For trial 1

To calculate percent yield we have to know about actual yield of MgO

Mass of MgO = mass of MgO, crucible and lid - mass of empty crucible and lid

    Mass of MgO =  27.090 g -  26.685 g

    Mass of MgO =  0.24 g

And we also know that

Theoretical yield of MgO for trial 1 = 0.84 g

Formula used

       Percent yield = actual yield / theoretical yield x 100

put values in above formula

       Percent yield =  0.24 g / 0.84 g x 100

       Percent yield = 28.6 %

For trial 2

To calculate percent yield we have to know about actual yield of MgO

Mass of MgO = mass of MgO, crucible and lid - mass of empty crucible and lid

    Mass of MgO =   27.179 g -  26.685 g

    Mass of MgO =  0.494 g

And we also know that

Theoretical yield of MgO for trial 2 = 1.01 g

Formula used

       Percent yield = actual yield / theoretical yield x 100

put values in above formula

       Percent yield =   0.494 g/ 1.01 g x 100

       Percent yield = 49.9 %

Part 3

average percent yield of MgO for the two trials =?

Solution:

As we know

Percent yield trial 2 = 28.6 %

Percent yield trial 2 = 49.9 %

Formula used

Average percent yield = percent yield trial 1 + percent yield trial 2 / 2

Put values in above formula

           Average percent yield = 28.6 + 49.9  / 2

           Average percent yield = 78.5 / 2

           Average percent yield = 39.25 %

Average percent yield of MgO for two trial = 39.25 %