Why sheilding effect make cation formation easy

What are the major types of a chemical compound

One way in which the useful metal copper is produced is by dissolving the mineral azurite, which contains copper(ii) carbonate, in concentrated sulfuric acid. the sulfuric acid reacts with the copper(ii) carbonate to produce a blue solution of copper(ii) sulfate. scrap iron is then added to this solution, and pure copper metal precipitates out because of the following chemical reaction: (s) (aq) (s) (aq) suppose an industrial quality-control chemist analyzes a sample from a copper processing plant in the following way. he adds powdered iron to a copper(ii) sulfate sample from the plant until no more copper will precipitate. he then washes, dries, and weighs the precipitate, and finds that it has a mass of .

Individuals within populations exhibit some diversity. as a result of possessing slightly different traits, some individuals are better able to survive and reproduce than others. if these individuals changes in the characteristics of the population may occur over time. the cumulative change in these characteristics is known as