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why do some transition metals have multiple oxidation states?

transition metals have multiple oxidation states because of their

sublevel.

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Benzonitrile (c6h5cn) is reduced to two different products depending on the reducing agent used. treatment with lithium aluminum hydride followed by water forms k, which has a molecular ion in its mass spectrum at 107 and the following ir absorptions: 3373, 3290, 3062, 2920, and 1600 cm-1. treatment with a milder reducing agent forms l, which has a molecular ion in its mass spectrum at 106 and the following ir absorptions: 3086, 2850, 2820, 2736, 1703, and 1600 cm-1. l shows fragments in its mass spectrum at m/z = 105 and 77. propose structures for k and l and choose an explanation for how this could be concluded.