When soup is made in a pre-industrial process, animal fat is boiled with water that has been steeped with wood ash. use the internet or book sources to find out why the wood ashes are needed, and whether the ph of the water is acidic, basic, or neutral.

Wood ashes are needed to supply the caustic potash ( potassium hydroxide ) needed for saponification to take place. And the PH of the water is basic because potassium hydroxide is a base.

Explanation:

Saponification is the process of soap making and another name for alkaline hydrolysis of fats and oils.

Vegetable oils or fat undergo hydrolysis:

I.Acid hydrolysis to yield fatty acids and alkanol.

Vegetable oil/fat + H2O (from acid) = Alkanoic acid ( fatty acid ) + alkanol

II.Alkaline hydrolysis to produce soaps and alkanol. Example:

Glyceryltristearate + caustic soda = Sodium stearate (soap) + glycerol.

Caustic soda ( NaOH ) is used to produce harder soaps while caustic potash ( KOH ) is used to produce softer soaps.

A solution of wood ash can be used instead of KOH for the production of softer soaps because it is rich in KOH.

is has three carbons, so the answer is propylamine.

meth-

eth-

prop-

but-

pent-

hex-

hept-

oct-

non-

explanation:

answer : one can design an experiment using a liquid and an additive that can be added to the liquid and observe the chemical changes in the reaction species.

one would need a beaker which is filled with a known amount of the liquid in which thermometer is placed to measure the temperature changes; after addition of the additive to the liquid solution one can note down the temperature change and find whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic in nature. by subtracting the initial temperature value with the final temperature one can find the temperature changes.

various combinations of liquid and additive can be used. liquid in this case can be a known quantity of water and additives can be epsom salt or without epsom salt the experiment can be conducted to notice the changes. water and ice, hydrogen peroxide and dry yeast, vinegar and baking soda,etc.