Chemistry, 06.12.2019 07:31 zabattle

What type of ions do nonmetals naturally form?

1: negative ions, by gaining electrons to fill the valence shell
2: negative ions, by loosing electrons to empty the valence shell
3: positive ions, by gaining electrons to fill the valence shell
4: positive ions, by loosing electrons to empty the valence shell

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Answer from: clemsongirl5392

1: Negative ions, by gaining electrons to fill the valence shell

Explanation:

Nonmetals gain the electron to complete the octet and form anion. Consider the example of halogen.

When it combine with metals it gain the electron from the metal and form anion.

For example:

Sodium chloride is ionic compound. The electronegativity of chlorine is 3.16 and for sodium is 0.93. There is large difference is present. That's why electron from sodium is transfer to the chlorine. Sodium becomes positive and chlorine becomes negative ion. The electrostatic forces develop between bonded atoms.

Answer from: Quest

po-215 i got it right on the quiz

Answer from: Quest

assuming that your periodic table has eighteen columns, you should highlight the four elements in the third column from the left of the table.

explanation

neutral atoms of elements after calcium contain d electrons. the energy of d orbitals of a particular main shell lies between the energy of the s and p orbitals of the next main shell. for example, electrons in the $3d$ have energy higher than those in the $4 s$ orbital while lower than those of the $4 p$ orbital.

by the aufbau principle, electrons fill orbitals one at a time, starting from those of the lowest energy. the $4s$ orbital is therefore filled right after $3p$ orbitals and before $3 d$ orbitals.

potassium has electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{1}$ and calcium $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2}$ . the s orbital of a main shell holds a maximum of two electrons. the next element would thus have the electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2} \; 3d^{1}$ and satisfy the requirements.

a neutral atom of the element contains three electrons on top of the most recent noble gas element. it should thus be placed in the third column of the periodic table. both scandium and yttrium would satisfy the conditions. an aufbau diagram indicates that the 4f orbital is filled before the 5d. however, it appears that exceptions exists for both lanthanum and actinium. neutral atoms of the two d-block elements also demonstrate the $ns^{2} \; (n-1) p^{1}$ and should be highlighted as well.

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What type of ions do nonmetals naturally form?

1: negative ions, by gaining electrons...

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