Consider the perchlorateanion.

(a) what is the central atom?
(b) how many lone pairs are around the central atom?
(c) what is the ideal angle between the chlorine-oxygen bonds?
(d) compared to the ideal angle, you would expect the actual angle between the chlorine-oxygen bonds to be

(a) Chlorine atom

(b) 0

(c) 109.5°

(d) about the same

Explanation:

Perchlorate is a negatively charged molecule that is composed of one carbon atom and four oxygen atoms. In this molecule, the central chlorine atom that is present in +7 oxidation state, is covalently bonded to four oxygen atoms.

Thus the number of bond pairs is 4 and the number of lone pairs on the central chlorine atom is 0.

So according to the VSEPR theory, perchlorate ion has a tetrahedral geometry. Therefore, the ideal bond angle for the perchlorate ion is 109.5°.

The actual bond angle of perchlorate is about the same as ideal bond angle. This is because the perchlorate is resonance stabilized and thus all the chlorine-oxygen bonds are equivalent.

explanation:

two years ago, when picking flowers in the mountains back of yosemite valley, i found a book. it was blotted and storm-beaten; all of its outer pages were mealy and crumbly. the paper seemed to dissolve like the snow beneath which it had been buried, however; many of the inner pages were well preserved. and although all were more or less stained and torn, whole chapters were easily readable. this is the condition of the great open book of yosemite glaciers today; its granite pages have been torn and blurred by the same storms that wasted the castaway book.

two years ago, when picking flowers in the mountains back of yosemite valley; i found a book. it was blotted and storm-beaten, all of its outer pages were mealy and crumbly. the paper seemed to dissolve like the snow beneath which it had been buried, however, many of the inner pages were well preserved. and although all were more or less stained and torn; whole chapters were easily readable. this is the condition of the great open book of yosemite glaciers today, its granite pages have been torn and blurred by the same storms that wasted the castaway book.