Amino acids are important biological molecules that serve as the building blocks of proteins. amino acids, like valine below, can be synthesized in just two steps using a simple carboxylic acid starting material and performing a hell–volhard–zelinsky (hvz) reaction followed by a nucleophilic substitution. below, provide an appropriate carboxylic acid starting material and the product of the hvz reaction that will eventually lead to the formation of valine.

What human activity increases beach erosion?

The small bags of silica gel you often see in a new shoe box are placed there to control humidity. despite its name, silica gel is a solid. it is a chemically inert, highly porous, amorphous form of sio2. because water vapor readily adsorbs onto the surface of silica gel, it acts as a desiccant. despite not knowing mechanistic details of the adsorption of water onto silica gel, from the information provided you should be able to make an educated guess about the thermodynamic characteristics of the process. predict the signs for δg, δh, and δs for the adsorption of water.

Select the correct value for the indicated bond angle in each of the compounds. o−o−oo−o−o angle of o3 90° 109.5° < 109.5° 120° < 120° 180° f−b−ff−b−f angle of bf3 180° < 109.5° < 120° 120° 109.5° 90° f−o−ff−o−f angle of of2 < 120° 120° 90° 109.5° 180° < 109.5° cl−be−clcl−be−cl angle of becl2 90° 109.5° 180° 120° < 109.5° < 120° f−p−ff−p−f angle of pf3 90° 109.5° < 109.5° 180° 120° < 120° h−c−hh−c−h angle of ch4 90° < 109.5° 180° 120° < 120° 109.5°