Using colorimetry, you decide to analyze a waste solution that contains an unknown concentration of mn2 ions. you add a strong oxidizing agent to a 7.90 ml sample of the solution to convert the colorless manganese ions into purple permanganate ions. after the reaction is complete, you dilute the solution to 250.0 ml and analyze the solution in a colorimeter. you determine the percent transmittance of the solution to be 51.0%. you also prepare a calibration curve by using a series of solutions with known concentrations of permanganate and find the equation below for the best fit line.

y= 1.10x103 x + 0.026

what is the absorbance of the permanganate in the diluted waste solution?
what is the concentration of the permanganate in the diluted waste solution?
what is the concentration of the mn2 ions in the original waste solution?

the correct answer is boyle

1. the question asks the most appropriate, which seems to rule out "all of the above." your choice appears to be the correct one.

2. the protocol described is good for identifying correlation, but not cause and effect. for cause/effect, you need to devise a protocol that will assign the treatment (or not) to groups that have essentially the same "demographics" with respect to all the other variables. your choice regarding control group seems appropriate. random assignment of treatment (choice d) may be appropriate also. (i think you can argue that b and d are just different descriptions of the same method.)

3. d will randomize the birds, but may not guarantee there are 10 in each group. e will do both, so seems the better choice.

comment on question 2

based on the problem statement, it seems clear that confident, attentive drivers are more likely to use daytime running lights. so, the protocol might need to be devised in such a way that the lights would be turned on or off without the driver's knowledge. (an attentive driver will figure it out.) assigning a confident, attentive driver to a group required to drive without running lights might mess with his/her confidence and attentiveness. you don't want your experiment to do that. (nor do you want the experiment to subject a driver to greater risk of accident as a consequence of driving without running lights.) experiments involving human safety are always problematic.

the awnser is group 12