Why is cellulose not a source of nutrients for humans? humans cannot absorb the hydrolyzed form of cellulose. humans, and most vertebrates, lack the enzyme cellulase. cellulose is a structural carbohydrate, and therefore is not useful as an energy source. vertebrate enzymes hydrolyze (α 1–4) glucose linkages, but not glucose in the β configuration. cellulose digestion must occur in a basic environment, but the human gut is acidic.

The correct answer is vertebrate enzyme hydrolyze alpha-1,4 glycosidic linkage but not glucose in the beta configuration.

Explanation:

The amylase that is present inside human body is called salivary alpha amylase,an enzyme that digest the alpha-1,4-glycosidic linkages of starch but does not act on those glycosidic linkages which are present in beta configuration.

       Cellulose contain beta-1,4-glycosidic linkages.That"s why it is not digested by the alpha amylase enzyme present inside the human body basically present in the saliva.

"Humans" and most "vertebrates", lack the enzyme cellulose and "Vertebrate enzymes hydrolyze (a 1–4) glucose" linkages, but not glucose in the "ß configuration" these are the reasons is why cellulose is not the origin of nutrients for human beings.

Option: B and D

Explanation:

Cellulose is an example of polysaccharides (carbohydrate polymer linked with multiple glucose monosaccharide units). It is found in plants and breakdown of cellulose can only occur mainly in cows, buffaloes, horses, sheep, goats, termites etc as they have symbiotic bacteria in their intestinal tract which carry cellulose enzyme and responsible for cellulose hydrolysis in the gastro-intestinal tract. But animals cannot digest it 100% or directly. Cellulose is having glucose linked with beta acetal linkage which makes it alters from starch having alpha acetal linkage. Hence this mark reason behind the difference in digestibility of cellulose in animals and vertebrates.

both adhesion and cohesion are attractions.

they are different in that adhesion is the force of attraction between the molecules of two different substances, whereas cohesion is the force of attraction between molecules of the same substance.

possible examples include capillary action, in which the adhesion between water and glass causes the water to rise in a narrow tube against the force of gravity.

because of hydrogen bonding, water is extremely cohesive.

this causes molecules on the surface of water to be drawn inward, which is why drops of water form beads on smooth surfaces.

hope this .

geosphere and hydrosphere.

this is because the geosphere has to do with geological events, while the hydrosphere controls all water on earth.