If you fill a glass to the brim with ice water and the ice melts, what will happen?

On melting, the water level stays the same. That's because not all of the ice's volume is submerged inside the water, and when it melts it takes up the exact same volume again.

Thus no water spills out.

- aluminum and copper chloride.

- the chloride ion to separate the aluminum from the oxygen so that the aluminum can react with the copper ions (and the water molecules).

since the atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, as we move to the left on the periodic table, the electrostatic pull between the nucleus and the valence electron shell decreases. as we move down a group (vertical column), the valence shell energy level gets further and further from the nucleus.