Identify what are the charges on ions of group 1a,
group 3a (aluminum), and group 5a?

Group 1A generally has a charge of 1+, meaning they usually lose one electron.

Group 3A generally has a charge of 3+, meaning they lose three electrons.

And Groups 5A generally has a charge of 3-, meaning they usually GAIN three electrons.

periodic trends is an atom that gets larger as the number of electronic shells increase, the radius of atoms increases as you go down a certain group in the periodic table of elements. in general, the size of an atom will decrease as you move from left to right of a certain period.