Chemistry, 02.11.2019 04:31 samiller30

The maximum size the balloon can get before popping (or flying off the flask) is 6.00 l at 1.00 atm of pressure and a temperature of 45°c. what maximum concentration of hydrochloric acid can be used (to just keep the balloon from popping) if 65.0 ml of hcl is added to 9.00 g of magnesium?

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Answer from: sophiat17

The maximum concentration of HCl that can be used is 7.08 M

Explanation:

The reaction that takes place is:

2HCl(aq) + Mg → MgCl₂ + H₂

The available moles of Mg are:

9.00 g Mg ÷ 24.3 g/mol = 0.370 mol

H₂ gas is produced and fills the balloon. We use PV=nRT to calculate the maximum moles of H₂ that can be produced before the balloon pops off:

1.00 atm * 6.00 L = n * 0.082 atm·L·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ * 318.16 Kn = 0.230 mol H₂

Now that we know that we have more than enough moles of Mg to produce 0.230 moles of H₂, we know that HCl is the limiting reactant.

We calculate the required moles of HCl:

0.230 mol H₂ * $\frac{2molHCl}{1molH_{2}}$ = 0.460 mol HCl

Now we use C = n/V to calculate the concentration of HCl:

C = 0.460 mol HCl / 0.065 L = 7.08 M

Answer from: Quest

The answer would be

Answer from: Quest

assuming that your periodic table has eighteen columns, you should highlight the four elements in the third column from the left of the table.

explanation

neutral atoms of elements after calcium contain d electrons. the energy of d orbitals of a particular main shell lies between the energy of the s and p orbitals of the next main shell. for example, electrons in the $3d$ have energy higher than those in the $4 s$ orbital while lower than those of the $4 p$ orbital.

by the aufbau principle, electrons fill orbitals one at a time, starting from those of the lowest energy. the $4s$ orbital is therefore filled right after $3p$ orbitals and before $3 d$ orbitals.

potassium has electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{1}$ and calcium $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2}$ . the s orbital of a main shell holds a maximum of two electrons. the next element would thus have the electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2} \; 3d^{1}$ and satisfy the requirements.

a neutral atom of the element contains three electrons on top of the most recent noble gas element. it should thus be placed in the third column of the periodic table. both scandium and yttrium would satisfy the conditions. an aufbau diagram indicates that the 4f orbital is filled before the 5d. however, it appears that exceptions exists for both lanthanum and actinium. neutral atoms of the two d-block elements also demonstrate the $ns^{2} \; (n-1) p^{1}$ and should be highlighted as well.

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