When the protein gramicidin is integrated into a membrane, an h channel forms and the membrane becomes very permeable to protons (h ions). if gramicidin is added to an actively respiring muscle cell, how would it affect the rates of electron transport, proton pumping, and atp synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation

What type of energy do chemical bonds have? what type of energy is it converted to during chemical reactions? question 15 options: chemical bonds have kinetic energy, which is converted to potential energy during chemical reactions. chemical bonds have electric energy, which is converted to potential energy during chemical reactions. chemical bonds have heat energy, which is converted to kinetic energy during chemical reactions. chemical bonds have potential energy, which is converted to heat energy during chemical reactions.

The content of manganese (mn) in steel was determined spectrophotometrically and with the use of the standard addition method. an unknown sample of mn from a digested steel sample gave an absorbance of 0.185 when analyzed spectrophotometrically. when 5.00 ml of solution containing 95.5 ppm mn was added to 50.0 ml of the unknown steel solution (digested sample), the absorbance was 0.248. calculate the concentration, in parts-per-million (ppm), of mn in the digested steel sample solution.

Which metals are called noble metals