Find isopropanol-water vapor-liquid equilibrium data at 1 atm in the following paper: brunjes, a. s.; bogart, m. j.p. (1943). the binary systems ethanol-n-butanol, acetone-water and isopropanol-water. ind. eng. chem. 35, 255-260. two flash distillation chambers are connected in series, such that the liquid effluent from chamber 1 is heated and fed to chamber 2. the pressure in both flash drums is 1.0 atm. the feed to the first drum is a binary mixture of isopropanol and water that is 55.0 mol% isopropanol. the feed flow rate is 10,000 kmol/h. the second flash tank operates with (v/f)2 = 0.70 and the liquid product composition is 25.0 mol% isopropanol. (a) is there an azeotrope in the isopropanol-water system at a pressure of 1.0 atm? if so, determine the corresponding composition and temperature. (b) what is the fraction of the feed vaporized in the first flash drum? (c) what are yo, y, xi, t, and t: ?

qualitative observation deals with data that can be observed with our senses: sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing. they do not involve measurements or numbers. for instance, colors, shapes, and textures of objects are all qualitative observations.

weight of any object is given by

w = m*g

where m is mass of the object and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

for earth the value of g is 9.8 m/s^2 so

w=117.6 n m=12 g=?

117.6=12g => g=9.8 m/s^2

which is the force of gravity on earth.

answer is: empirical formula is tl₂o. if we use 100 grams of compound, tha:

m(tl) = 96.2%  · 100 g ÷ 100%.

m(tl) = 96.2 g.

n(tl) = m(tl)  ÷ m(tl). n(tl) = 96.2 g  ÷ 204.4 g/mol.

n(tl) = 0.47 mol. m(o) = 3.77 g. n(o) = m(o)  ÷ m(o). n(o) = 3.77 g  ÷ 16 g/mol. n(ag) = 0.235 mol. n(tl) . n(o) = 0.47 mol : 0.235 mol /0.235. n(tl) . n(o) = 2 : 1.

m(tl₂o) = 204.4 g/mol  · 2 + 16 g/mol = 424.8 g/mol.

m(compound) = 456. 8 g/mol - 424.8 g/mol = 32 g/mol ( 2 oxygens); tl₂o₃.