What happens to particles when p waves and s waves pass through them?
a. p waves twist particles as they pass through materials. s waves cause particles to compress as they pass through materials.

b. particles are squeezed together and pushed apart by p waves. particles slide past each other in a crosswise direction as s waves pass through them.

c. particles travel in waves as p waves pass through materials. particles twist and shake as s waves pass through materials.

d. p waves cause an increase in pressure on particles of materials as they pass through. s waves decrease pressure on the particles of materials as they pass through.

B. Particles are squeezed together and pushed apart by P waves. Particles slide past each other in a crosswise direction as S waves pass through them.

Explanation:

P waves and S waves are body waves that are part of the seismic waves, which comprises all types of energy that travel through earth´s layers, in the form of waves, this waves can be generated by earthquakes, volcanic activity, landslides and even human activities like detonations or perforations.

P waves are PRIMARY WAVES, which are compression waves that travel through solids and fluids in the same direction as the wave itself. Similar to sound, each particle is pushed and pulled by the particle directly behind, this results in a very high propagation speed that makes this, the first waves to arrive at a seismograph station in an earthquake

S waves are SECONDARY WAVES, which are shear waves that move the ground in a perpendicular direction to the propagation of the wave, this waves can´t travel through liquids. particles slide in a shear plane relative to the particles behind, like a wave moving through a tensioned string, generating an up and down movement as it moves on.

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explanation:

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.