Interestingly, the quantum yield for nadh increases dramatically when it is bound to an enzyme compared to when it is free in solution (φf = 0.1 vs 0.02, respectively) . a. assume that a pair of solutions contain the same concentration of nadh, in different forms: i. solution 1: 100% free in solution ii. solution 2: 50% bound to an enzyme; remainder is free. you can assume that the enzyme itself has negligible fluorescence. how much brighter is solution 2 than solution 1, in terms of fluorescent intensity?

the volume of fluid displaced would equal the volume of the gas. use a gas syringe - this is a laboratory instrument that can be used to withdraw a certain volume of gas from a closed system or to measure the volume of gas from a chemical reaction.

a rain shadow is a dry region of land on the side that is protected against the prevailing winds of a mountain range. the prevailing winds are the winds that occur most of the time in a particular place of the earth

prevailing winds carry air toward the mountain range. as the air rises up over a mountain range, the air cools, water vapor condenses, and clouds form. on this side of the mountains, called the windward side, precipitation falls in the form of  rain  or snow. this dry air produces a  rain shadow.

conduction is the transfer of thermal energy (heat in transfer) due to collisions between the molecules in the object. collisions between adjacent atoms and molecules transfer kinetic energy from the warmer to the cooler object. the objects must be in physical contact.