hydrochloric acid (hcl) reacts with sodium carbonate (na2co3), forming sodium chloride (nacl), water (h2o), and carbon dioxide (co2). this equation is balanced as written:

2hcl(aq)+na2co3(aq)→2nacl(aq)+h2o(l )+co2(g)

part a

what volume of 1.00 m hcl in liters is needed to react completely (with nothing left over) with 0.500 l of 0.500 m na2co3?

express your answer numerically in liters.

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nothing

l
l

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part b

a 413-ml sample of unknown hcl solution reacts completely with na2co3 to form 11.1 g co2. what was the concentration of the hcl solution?

express the molar concentration numerically.

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nothing

m
m

Part A: 0.500 L

Part B: 1.220 M

Explanation:

Part A

The balanced reaction is:

2HCl(aq) + Na₂CO₃(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l) + CO₂(g)

So, the stoichiometry is 2 moles of HCl for 1 mol of Na₂CO₃. The number of moles (n) is the concentration multiplied by the volume, so:

n = 0.500x0.500 = 0.250 mol of Na₂CO₃.

So:

2 moles of HCl 1 mol of Na₂CO₃

      x                 0.250 mol of Na₂CO₃

By a simple direct three rule:

x = 0.500 mol

The volume will be the number of moles divided by the molar concentration:

V = 0.500/1.00 = 0.500 L

Part B

Now, the stoichiometry is 2 moles of HCl to form 1 mol of CO₂. We need to know how much moles of CO₂ are formed, knowing the molar masses:

MC = 12 g/mol

MO = 16 g/mol

MCO₂ = 12 +2x16 = 44 g/mol

The number of moles is the mass divided by the molar mass, so:

n = 11.1/44 = 0.252 mol

Then:

2 moles of HCl 1 mol of CO₂

         x               0.252 mol of CO₂

By a simple direct three rule:

x = 0.504 mol of HCl

So, the concentration of HCl is the number of moles divided by the volume in liters ( 413 mL = 0.413 L):

0.504/0.413 = 1.220 M

(newtons first law)

conservation of momentum law states :

momentum before collision = momentum after collision

momentum p (kg-m/s)= mass * velocity

say moving car=1 000 kg, velocity = 10 m/s then p = 1 000*10= 10 000 kg-m/s

say still car = 2 000 kg, velocity = 0 m/s then p = 2 000* 0 = 0 kg-m/s

total momentum prior to collision = 10 000 + 0 = 10 000 kg-m/s

momentum after collision = 10 000 kg-m/s

mass now = 1 000 kg+2 000 kg = 3 000 kg

10 000 = 3 000 kg* velocity m/s

10 000/3 000 = velocity

3.33 m/s = velocity after collision

an impulse is a force applied over time , momentum is exclusive of external forces and a perfect collision is implied