Vibrio alginolycticus is a marine bacterium whose energetics is based on sodium gradients. this microbe grows in an environment containing 0.5 m na+ at ph 5.6. consider if the internal ph of this organism is 7.6, its membrane potential is -120 mv and has a na+/h+ antiport. this bacterium translocates h+ that are used to form 3 atp molecules. in addition, translocation of one mole of the nonmetabolizable and non-toxic leucine analogue, norleucine, against a concentration gradient is energetically coupled to the translocation of one mole of h+. suppose this bacterium is growing in seawater containing 1m norleucine. calculate the following: (20 pts) 1) proton motive force 2) internal norleucine concentration 3) electromotive force 4) phosphorylation potential for the first part, i subtracted the internal ph from the external ph and got delta ph to be +2.0mv. then by using the equation -z*deltaph with z being a constant of 60 i got a value of -120mv. i subtracted that value from the membrane potential and got -240mv for the proton motive force. for the second question, i know that the equation -ndeltap=zlog(sinteral)/(soutside) is used but i'm having trouble figuring this out. i know you'd convert 1 micrometer to moles to make the math easier but i'm still stuck. can someone and explain to me?

part 1: the half-life of the element is 22 years.

part 2: it will take 132.02 year for the sample to decay from 308.0 g to 4.8125 g.

explanation:

part 1: there are two ways to determine the half life time.

first way: the half life time can be determined directly from its definition as it is the time required for the sample to decay to its half concentration.

from the data the initial concentration was 45.0 g and decayed to its half value (22.5 g) in 22.0 years.

second way: the radio active decay is considered first order reaction so we can use the laws of first order reactions.

k = (1/t) ln (a/a-x), where k is the rate constant of the reaction,

t is the time of the reaction

a is the initial concentration of the reactant

a-x is the remaining concentration at time (t)

a = 45.0 g the initial concentration at t = 0 year.

at t = 22 year, a-x = 22.5 g

then k = (1/22 year) ln (45.0 g/ 22.5 g) = 0.0315 year-1.

the half-life time (t1/2) = ln 2/ k = 0.693/ k =0.693/ 0.0315 = 22 years.

part 2:

using the same law k = (1/t) ln (a/a-x),

using the given data; a = 308.0 g and a-x = 4.8125 g and the calculated k from the part 1 (k = 0.0315 year-1)

t = (1/k) ln (a/a-x) = (1/0.0315) ln (308.0/ 4.8125) = 132.02 years

the earth would become to overheated and everything alive on it will eventually die from overheating. plants will eventually die as well, water will evaporate, and it will be nothing but a hot planet without anything living on it.

answer: mole of the gas

answer: mole of the gasexplanation:

answer: atomic mass was originally used to arrange elements on the periodic table, but is no longer used to organize the modern version.

explanation:

originally atomic mass was used to arrange elements on the periodic table from left to right in a row. each column then shows similar properties of elements of a group.

in modern periodic table, the atoms are arranged in increasing atomic number. as atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom which is unique for every atom.