Aliquid mixture contains 50 mol % ethanol in water and a very small amount of non volatile impurities. it has been proposed to concentrate and purify the alcohol by stripping the ethanol from solution with an available supply of superheated steam. the solution will flow downward in a bubble-cap column counter-current to the upward flowing steam. the feed enters at 70 °f and the steam at 350 of and 1 atm 15 marks (a) calculate the maximum ethanol concentration in the overhead vapour that can be obtained with an infinite number of equilibrium stages [3 marks] (b) what ethanol concentration and recovery in the vapour will be obtained with a column cquivalent to five (5)-cquilibrium stages with a steam to ethanol feed ratio of 1: 2 (mo/mol)?

Straightforward questions answered in the powerpoint slidesreaction: heating the starting materials under refluxwhat does it mean to heat under reflux? why do we choose water as the reflux solvent? what are boiling chips used for? why do we put a condenser on top of the reaction? why do we add heat and let the reaction stir for 30 minutes? why do we add sulfuric acid to the reaction after it cools as opposed to when it’s still hot? separation: filtration of precipitatewhy don’t we do an aqueous and organic extraction in the separatory funnel? why do you rinse the salicylic acid on the filter with ice cold water? purification: recrystallization of salicylic acid (no hot filtration needed)what is the difference in the amount of room temperature water vs. boiling water needed to dissolve the salicylic acid (assume a 1.2 gram yield of salicylic acid)? remember, in the lab if you need x ml of boiling water to dissolve a solid, then you should add a little more (definitely no more than 1.5 times the theoretical amount) to ensure it doesn’t recrystallize prematurely.analysis: melting point of salicylic acidwhat can you conclude if the melting point of the salicylic acid you just synthesized is 152-155oc and the 1: 1 mix of your product and “synthetic” salicylic acid is 151-154oc?

Amixture with the same composition throughout is!

13. a covalent bond between two atoms is likely to be polar if: a. one of the atoms is much more electronegative than the other. b. the two atoms are equally electronegative. c. the two atoms are of the same element. d. the bond is part of a tetrahedrally shaped molecule. e. one atom is an anion.