What is the physical state of each of these materials at room temperature?
a. gold
b. gasoline
c. oxygen
d. neon
e. olive oil
f. sulfur
g. mercury

a. solid
b. liquid
c. gas
d. solid
e. liquid
f. solid
g. liquid

Matter and substance are definitely related. All substances are matter but all matters are not substance. A matter can consist of numerous substances. Matter is generally a loose term used in respect to a substance. Any physical object can be casually called a matter. Matter and substance are sometimes used for the same context, but it is completely wrong. Numerous examples have already proved that a matter may or may not be a substance depending on its physical nature, but a substance is always a matter.

Mass is the amount of matter in an object.  weight is the measurement of the pull of gravity on an object.  say for example, you travel to the moon which has a different gravitational field compared to the gravitational field of earth. (gravitational fields: earth = 1, moon = 0.165)  now when you are on the moon, the pull of gravity on you is different than on the earth. and as weight is the measurement of the pull of gravity on an object, that means yes, your weight can and will change on the moon.  however, on the moon, on earth or even on jupiter, the amount of mass inside of you remains the same. meaning your physical mass remains constant.  in conclusion it is possible for your weight to change as your mass remains constant.