S
there are four types of orbitals:
s: shaped like a
an e level can contain only s orbital, making up the "s sublevel".
p :
shaped like
an elevel can contain_ p orbitals, making up the “p sublevel".
d: shaped like double dumbbells
an e level can containe d orbitals, making up the "d sublevel".
too complex to draw or describe
an e level can contain_ forbitals, making up the "f sublevel".

answer : one can design an experiment using a liquid and an additive that can be added to the liquid and observe the chemical changes in the reaction species.

one would need a beaker which is filled with a known amount of the liquid in which thermometer is placed to measure the temperature changes; after addition of the additive to the liquid solution one can note down the temperature change and find whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic in nature. by subtracting the initial temperature value with the final temperature one can find the temperature changes.

various combinations of liquid and additive can be used. liquid in this case can be a known quantity of water and additives can be epsom salt or without epsom salt the experiment can be conducted to notice the changes. water and ice, hydrogen peroxide and dry yeast, vinegar and baking soda,etc.

qualitative observation deals with data that can be observed with our senses: sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing. they do not involve measurements or numbers. for instance, colors, shapes, and textures of objects are all qualitative observations.