Ethan wants to study how the size of sugar crystals affects the time taken to dissolve 10g. of sugar in 100m. of water held in a beaker. what is the independent variable for the experiment

the mantle

explanation:

earth is divided into three layers: the crust or the outermost layer on which we live; the underlying, middle layer - the mantle - and the core (the innermost layer of earth).

the positions which points up in upward carbon and down in downward carbon are axial

and vice versa holds true for equatorial positions

so the correct answer with labelled diagram will be

you need to have a picture of the atom that way we can answer it