The central atom's number of valence electrons in makes it an exception to the octet rule. nh3 sef2 bf3 asf3 cf4

Explanation:

You must draw the Lewis structure for each molecule, trying to give every atom an octet.

In the structures below, every molecule except one has a central atom with octet. That molecule is  

The B atom has only six electrons in its valence shell, so it violates the octet rule.

answer: option (4) is the correct answer.

explanation:

areas which are at low altitudes and near the equator tend to receive direct sunlight from the sun. hence, heat energy or radiations from the sun make these areas warmer and they have warmest water.

whereas areas which are at high altitudes and away from the equator do no receive direct sunlight. hence, no direct contact from the sun makes these regions colder and thus, they have colder water.

thus, we can conclude that the statement areas at low latitudes near the equator have the warmest water because they receive the most direct sunlight best explains the relationship between an area's geography and the temperature of its surface water.

i believe you are right for all except the 3rd ( look at sqdancefan his answer is much better)