How can you tell what is what and how that what affects what

Hi, this is a super vague question, so its pretty confusing to answer.  Could you please be a bit more specific?

If you are referring to chemistry, then how you tell "what is what" is by the molecular makeup of an element (Periodic table), and "how that..affects what", chemical reactions can occur between elements

so what is it that happens and how was the affects

Explanation:

answer: e.   sour taste

explanation: acids are those substances which dissociates in water to give ions. as they dissociate to give ions, they act as electrolytes and thus are electrically conductive. acids are sour in taste. example: hcl

bases are those substances which dissociates in water to give ions or accepts ions. as they dissociate to give ions, they act as electrolytes and thus are electrically conductive. bases are bitter in taste. bases are slippery in nature.