A2.350×10−2 m solution of nacl in water is at 20.0∘c. the sample was created by dissolving a sample of nacl in water and then bringing the volume up to 1.000 l. it was determined that the volume of water needed to do this was 999.4 ml . the density of water at 20.0∘c is 0.9982 g/ml. part a: calculate the molality of the salt solution. part b: calculate the mole fraction of salt in this solution. part c: calculate the concentration of the salt solution in percent by mass. part d: calculate the concentration of the salt solution in parts per million.

Explanation:

1. Data:

a) M = 2.350×10⁻² M

b) V sol = 1.000 L

c) V H₂O = 994.4 mL = 0.9944 L

d) d H₂O = 0.9982 g/mL

2. Formulae

3. Solution

Part A: Calculate the molality of the salt solution.

            m = n solute / Kg solvent

i) M = n solute / V sol (L) ⇒ n solute = M × V sol (L)

⇒ n solute = M = 2.350×10⁻² M × 1.000 L = M = 2.350×10⁻² mol

ii) density H₂O = mass H₂O / volume H₂O

⇒ mass H₂O = density H₂O × volume H₂O

⇒ mass H₂O = 0.9982 g/mL × 999.4 mL = 997.6 g

iii) kg  H₂O = 997.6 g / (1,000 g/Kg) = 0.9976 kg

iv) m = 2.350×10⁻² mol / 0.9976 kg = 0.02356 mol/kg = 0.02356 m

Part B: Calculate the mole fraction of salt in this solution.

          X solute = n solute / N total

i) n solute =  2.350×10⁻² mol

ii) n solvent = n H₂O = mass H₂O in grams/ molar mass H₂O

⇒ 997.6 g / 18.015 g/mol = 55.38 mol

iii) X solute = 2.350×10⁻² mol / 55.38 mol = 4.243×10⁻⁴

Part C: Calculate the concentration of the salt solution in percent by mass.

         % m/m = (mass of solute / mass of solution) × 100

i) molar mass = mass in grams / molar mass

⇒ mass of solute = mass of NaCl = n solute × molar mass NaCl

⇒ mass of solute = 2.350×10⁻² mol × 58.44 g/mol = 1.373 g

ii) % m/m = (1.373 g / 997.6 g) × 100 = 0.1376%

Part D: Calculate the concentration of the salt solution in parts per million.

       ppm = (mass of solute / mass of solution) × 1,000,000

i) ppm = ( (1.373 g / 997.6 g) × 1,000,000 = 1,376 ppm

- both b and d.

-since b and d are the closest coastlines then that makes it the most affected.

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